Punjab School Education Board

Class 8 Computer Science (2025-26)

Dear students. In this article, you can practice of all the lessons of computer science of Class 8. You can note the exercise of these lessons by clicking on the links of the relevant lessons given below.

    Computer Science

    CLASS :- 8th

    Lesson – 1 Typing Tutor (Punjabi)

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. ________ font is used for typing in Punjabi.

    a)ANMOLLIPI               b)RAAVI             c)JOY d)All of the above

    2. What is the full name of UNICODE?

    a)Union Code               b)Unified Code             c)Universal Code d)None of these

    3. Which of the following UNICODE fonts is used for typing in Punjabi.

    a)Anmollipi     b)Raavi             c)Asees d)All of the above

    4. Which of the following phonetic fonts is used for typing in Punjabi?

    a)Anmollipi    b)Raavi              c)Asees             d)All of the above

    5. To use the numberpad, the _____ key should be kept on.

    a) NumLock   b) CapsLock   c) Scrollock     d) None of these

    True/ false.

    1. For typing, the keyboard is divided into two parts - one for the left hand and one for the right hand. True

    2. Touch typing is a technique through which we learn to type quickly while looking at the keyboard. False

    3. Anmollipi font helps us to type in Punjabi. True

    4. We use the little finger to press the spacebar key. False

    5. The SHIFT key is used to move to the next line. False

    Short answer questions

    Question:1. What is touch typing?

    Answer: Touch typing is a technique through which we can learn to type step by step with all the fingers without looking at the keyboard. If we keep searching for keys on the keyboard while typing, then as a result our typing speed will be very slow.

    Question: 2. What are the different types of fonts used for typing in Punjabi?

    Answer: To type in Punjabi language, we must have knowledge about the Punjabi language font. We use two fonts to type in Punjabi language:-

    1. Phonetic fonts

    2. Unicode fonts

    Question: 3. How is typing done in Punjabi language?

    Answer: To type in Punjabi language, we can choose any suitable font according to our need. In which we can learn to type in Punjabi by using the phonetic font Anmollipi and by using the Unicode font Ravi. Apart from this, there are many fonts available, but these are used more.

    Question 4: Write the names of any three fonts for typing in Punjabi language?

    Answer:- The names of any three fonts for typing in Punjabi language are as follows:-

    1. Anmollipi

    2. Ravi

    3. Asees

    Questions with long answers

    Question:1. How can we increase typing speed?

    Answer: The ways to increase typing speed are as follows:-

    1. The position of our hands/fingers should always be on the home row. We should always start from this row, and after typing the letters of any row, we should come back to this row. We should access the keys of other rows from the home row position.

    2. We should focus more on pressing the right keys than on speed. Typing speed will increase automatically with time and practice.

    3. Do not look at the keyboard while typing.

    4. Focus on typing comfortably and correctly.

    5. While pressing each key, we should repeat that letter in our mind.

    Question: 2. What are the important things to keep in mind regarding the correct way of sitting while typing?

    Answer: One should know about the correct way of sitting while typing. The correct way of sitting while typing is as follows.

    1. We should sit completely straight and exactly in front of the keyboard.

    2. Our feet should be straight on the ground.

    3. The computer monitor should be level with and in front of our eyes.

    4. While typing, our eyes should be on the monitor or copy.

    5. Our fingers should be in a circle and on the home row keys.

    6. We should press each key quickly and come back to the home row.

     

    Lesson – 2 Internet Fundamentals

    1. The international network of computers is called ________.

    a) ARPANET b) Internet c) Intranet d) Ethernet

    2. WWW stands for.

    a) World Wide Web b) Wide World Web c) Web World Wide d) Wide Web World

    3. ______ is to communicate online over the Internet.

    a) E-commerce b) Chatting c) World Wide Web d) None of these

    4. The fastest way to send mail is _______.

    a) Telegram b) Letters c) ISP d) E-mail

    5. _____ is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line.

    a) Modem b) Telephone wire c) Mouse d) Mobile

    Write the full form.

    1. WWW - World Wide Web

    2. EMAIL - Electronic Mail

    3. MODEM - Modulator Demodulator

    4. ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network

    5. ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network

    6. DSL - Digital Subscriber Line

    Short Answer Questions

    Question:1. What is the Internet?

    Answer: Internet means the International Network of Computers. When two or more computers are connected to each other through some medium, a network is formed. The Internet is a vast network of networks, which is made up of millions of computers spread across the world. The Internet allows sharing of any kind of information with just the click of a mouse.

    Question:2. Give some examples of Internet Service Providers?

    Answer: Some examples of Internet Service Providers are as follows:-

    1. JIO

    2. BSNL

    3. Airtel

    4. IDEA Vodafone

    Question:3. What do you understand by e-commerce?

    Answer: E-commerce is a very important feature of the Internet. E-commerce means the ability of any business to do business without the limitations of time and distance. With a click of the mouse, a customer can buy any purchase online at any time, day or night, sitting at home.

    Question:4. What is web browsing?

    Answer: Web browsing is the process of finding information on the web. Going from one web page to another or from one website to another to search for any information is called web browsing. Various search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, Altavista etc. can be used to find and view any information.

    Questions with long answers

    Question:1. What is a modem? Give information about its types and speed?

    Answer: The full name of modem is Modulator and De-Modulator. A modem is a device that is used to transmit data from one computer to another through telephone or cable lines. Information is stored in a computer in digital form, while data is sent through telephone lines in the form of analog signals and the modem converts digital signals into analog signals and analog signals into digital signals. Their speeds vary according to the type of modem. Slow speed modems take more time to transfer data and fast speed modems take less time to transfer data. The speed of the modem used for internet surfing should be at least 56KBPS.

    Types of modems:- There are two types of modems:-

    1. External modems:- External modems are connected to the computer separately and are connected to the computer with the help of a cable.

    2. Internal modems:- Internal modems are connected inside the computer or laptop. With the help of a plug, the telephone wire or cable is connected to the modem.

    Question:2. Describe the facilities provided by the Internet?

    Answer: The facilities provided by the Internet are as follows:-

    1. News and information from all over the world:- The Internet allows us to read news from many online newspapers. We can also get information about the daily events happening in the world.

    2. Arts and Entertainment: - Through the Internet, we can buy and download various types of software, such as games, songs, movies, stories, etc.

    3. Online Shopping: - Using it, we can buy various types of things such as books, clothes, gifts, etc. from anywhere in the world through e-shopping without going to that store.

    4. Sending letters: - Using e-mail, we can send and receive messages. Apart from this, we can also send any picture, video, and voice to anyone in the world at any time.

    5. Health and Wellness: - We can also use the Internet to get information about health and wellness. With its help, we can also get information regarding precautions and remedies to cure any disease.

    6. Chatting: - Using chatting, we can communicate with any person in the world through written messages.

    7. Banking Services: - Using the internet, we can do most of the banking related work from home with the help of internet banking.

    Question: 3. What is e-mail? Write the benefits of using e-mail?

    Answer: The full name of e-mail is electronic mail, using e-mail we can send or receive messages. Text, video. Audio and other files can also be sent through it. Today e-mail is known as the most popular service of the Internet. The email service on the Internet handles about 247 billion emails every day.

    Benefits of e-mail:-

    1. Cost:- Apart from the amount paid for using the Internet, there is no additional cost for using e-mail. The user also does not have to spend any postage stamps in this.

    2. Speed:- The speed of e-mail is higher than our other correspondence. E-mail messages reach their destination in a few minutes-seconds.

    3. Convenience:- Computer users type the message on their computer and then email it to any person according to their convenience.

    4. E-Commerce:- E-Commerce is a very important feature of the Internet. E-Commerce means the ability of any business to do business without the limitations of time and distance. With a click of the mouse, a customer can buy any purchase online at any time, day or night, sitting at home.

    5. Social Networking Site:- Every social networking website requires an email ID to open a personal account, instead of which we can use our existing email account ID to use our account.

    Question:4. Write a note on the World Wide Web?

    Answer: The World Wide Web is a collection of information, which is accessed through the Internet. The information stored on the World Wide Web can be viewed with the help of a web browser. All public websites are connected to the World Wide Web, which are connected to the Internet all over the world. To identify a website or page, it is given a unique address, which is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The World Wide Web is a collection of all websites, which includes e-mail, mailing lists, news groups, etc.

    Question: 5. Describe the main services provided by the Internet?

    Answer: The main services provided by the Internet are as follows:-

    1. World Wide Web:- The World Wide Web is a collection of information, which is accessed through the Internet. The information stored on the World Wide Web can be viewed with the help of a web browser. All public websites are connected to the World Wide Web, which are connected to the Internet all over the world. To identify a website or page, it is given a unique address, which is called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The World Wide Web is a collection of many websites, which includes e-mail, mailing lists, news groups, etc.

    2. E-mail:- The full name of e-mail is electronic mail, using e-mail we can send or receive messages. Text, video. Audio and other files can also be sent through it. Today, e-mail is known as the most popular service of the Internet. The Internet and e-mail service handle about 247 billion emails every day.

     

    Lesson – 3 Introduction to Information Technology

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. _______ means that our computer is receiving data from the Internet.

    A. Uploading B. Downloading C. Surfing d. None of these

    2. The first webpage of a website that opens when you open a website is called ____.

    A. Home page B. Web page C. Main page d. None of these

    3. ________ means being connected to the Internet.

    A. Offline B. Online C. Inline d. None of these

    4. ________ means going from one webpage to another or from one website to another while searching for your favorite topic on the Internet.

    A. Web surfing B. Web searching C. Downloading d. All of the above

    5. ________ is a method of electronic commerce or business that allows the user to purchase goods or services using the internet and a web browser.

    A. Net banking B. Email C. Online shopping d. Mobile

    Tell me True False.

    1. The results of any board or university can be viewed online. True

    2. Offline means being connected to the internet. False

    3. A website has only one web page. False

    4. Web search is a process of finding web pages. True

    5. Every website has its own unique web address. True

    Fill in the blanks.

    1. A group of one or more web pages is called ____.

    Answer:- Website

    2. _____ means being connected to the internet.

    Answer:- Online

    3. ____ Technology has been providing us with new communication tools to gather knowledge and information.

    Answer:- Information

    4. Banks that provide internet banking facilities are also called ____ banks.

    Answer:- Virtual or cyber or web

    5. We can buy things from home with the help of ____.

    Answer:- Online shopping

    Short answer questions.

    Question:1 What is Information Technology?

    Answer: Information Technology is the technology related to computer hardware and software. It is also known as IT. It is used to process, store and transfer information. Information technology has a major contribution in the progress of any country. It is changing the way we live, learn, play and work.

    Question:2 What is a website?

    Answer: A group of one or more pages belonging to the same domain is called a website. Website pages are linked to each other with the help of hyperlinks. Each web page has a unique address called URL (Uniform Resource Locator). Web browsers are used to view information on websites.

    Question: 3 What is searching?

    Answer: Searching means “to find something”. Web searching is a process of finding web pages. A web search engine is a system that collects similar web pages in one place. Some examples of web search engines are Google, Yahoo, Bing, AltaVista etc. This search engine shows us a list of hyperlinks of related web pages. This list can have 100 or more hyperlinks. This list is divided into several search engine result pages.

    Question: 4 Tell us about online and offline?

    Answer: Online:- Online means connecting to the internet or accessing the network. Through online we work on files or programs present in the network which are stored in a server or website.

    Offline:- Offline means not being connected to the internet or not being able to access the network. In offline we can work only on those files or programs which are present in our computer.

    Long answer questions.

    Question:1 Explain the need for information technology.

    Answer: The reasons for the need for information technology are as follows:

    1. For business and industry: Information technology is needed to facilitate work in business and industry.

    2. At home: Information technology is needed for education, communication and entertainment at home.

    3. For Training: Information technology is used to get training in schools, colleges and other various fields.

    Question:2 Write the steps to check online results?

    Answer: The method to check online results is as follows:

    1. Open a web browser like Google Chrome, Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.

    2. Type the web address on the address bar, like www.pseb.ac.in and press the enter key.

    3. Click on Result Option.

    4. Click on Matriculation Examination Result.

    5. Select the year in Year Of Examination.

    6. Click on Find Results.

    7. Our result will appear on the screen. We can also take a print of this result.

    Question:3 Write a note on mobile technology?

    Answer: Mobile technology refers to the technology that has completely changed the face of communication in remote areas of the world. Today, an average of 6 out of 7 people are mobile phone owners.

    Some of the main application areas of mobile technology are:

    1. Education

    2. Monitoring and polling

    3. Banking

    4. Data analysis

    Question:4 Explain online shopping?

    Answer: Online shopping is a method of electronic commerce, which provides the user with the facility to purchase goods or services using the internet and a web browser. Through online shopping, we can purchase things sitting at home and can also pay the purchase bill through debit card, credit card, net banking or cash on delivery.

    Question: 5 What is Net Banking? Explain?

    Answer: Net banking is also called online banking. Net banking has completely changed the way of working in banks. With net banking, we can do many banking related tasks sitting at home using the internet. For example: Using net banking, we can get information about our bank account, transfer money, pay bills etc.

     

    Lesson – 4 Microsoft PowerPoint Part-1

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. ___________ is a presentation graphics software.

    A. PowerPoint B. Excel C. Word d. Paint

    2. ________ is the process of presenting a subject in an interesting way to the audience.

    A. Word processor B. Slide C. Presentation d. Transition

    3. A _________ is a page of a presentation.

    A. Slide B. Document C. Sheet d. None of these

    4. _______ shows the current slide in our presentation.

    A. Outline pane B. Content pane C. Ribbon d. Slide pane

    Very short answer questions.

    1. How do you open PowerPoint?

    Answer:- Windows+R key will open the run box and by typing PowerPoint in the run box.

    2. Write the shortcut key to save the presentation in PowerPoint?

    Answer:- Ctrl+S

    3. Write the shortcut key to close PowerPoint?

    Answer:- Alt+F4

    4. Write the shortcut key to start the slide show from the first slide?

    Answer:- F5

    5. Write the extension of the presentation file in PowerPoint?

    Answer:- .PPTX

    6. Which word is used to open PowerPoint with the run box?

    Answer:- powerpnt

    Short answer questions.

    Question:1 What is PowerPoint?

    Answer: PowerPoint is a part of the Microsoft Office package, which has been created by the Microsoft company. PowerPoint allows us to create very effective and professional looking electronic slide shows. PowerPoint is a presentation program, the presentation prepared in it can be displayed on the computer screen or through a projector attached to the computer. PowerPoint presentation is a great way to convey our ideas or information to a large audience. PowerPoint presentation is also called PowerPoint and the file extension of this application software is .ppt.

    Question:2 Write a note on presentation?

    Answer: Presentation is the process of presenting a subject in an interesting way to the audience, and its aim is to make the subject easily understandable using pictures, text, graphs, charts, animations, etc. A collection of two or more slides is called a presentation. A good presentation can have 10 to 12 slides. We can make our slide more attractive through animation, audio or video.

    Question: 3 What is a slide?

    Answer: Just as a movie is made up of many small clips, a presentation is made up of many slides. A single page of a presentation is called a slide. Different types of objects can be placed on a slide to create a presentation. One or more slides can be used to create a presentation in PowerPoint.

    Question: 4 Name the main parts of the PowerPoint window?

    Answer: Names of the main parts of the PowerPoint window:-

    1. Title bar

    2. Quick Access Toolbar

    3. Ribbon and Tabs

    4. Outline and Slides tab

    5. Slide Pane

    6. Notes Pane

    7. Status Bar

    8. View Options

    Question:5 How do you play a presentation for an audience in PowerPoint?

    Answer: The way to play a presentation for an audience in PowerPoint is, first of all, to start the presentation from a slide, press the D5 key on the keyboard or click on the Slide Show tab and select the From Beginning button from the Start Slide Show group.

    Question:6 Give information about the Slide Pane and Notes Pane in PowerPoint?

    Answer: 1. Slide Pane:- This pane shows the current slide in our presentation. We can view other slides of the presentation using the vertical scroll bar.

    2. Notes Pane:- This pane is present below the Slide Pane, and this pane is used to type notes related to the slide content.

    Long Answer Questions.

    Question:1 Describe any three main parts of the PowerPoint window?

    Answer: The three main parts of the PowerPoint window are as follows:

    1. Title Bar:- This is the top bar of the PowerPoint window, this bar displays the name of the software and the name of the currently opened presentation. There are three buttons on the right side of this bar: Minimize, Maximize and Restore buttons.

    2. Quick Access Toolbar:- This toolbar is present on the left side of the title bar. It contains commonly used commands.

    3. Ribbon and Tabs: The ribbon is present at the top of the PowerPoint window and below the title bar. PowerPoint has 8 standard tabs – Home, Insert, Design, Transitions, Animation, Slide Show, Review and View tab. Each tab is divided into groups of related commands, which appear in the ribbon.

    Question: 2 How do you create a photo album in PowerPoint?

    Answer: PowerPoint allows us to import a set of pictures to create a presentation of photos. With the help of the Photo Album option of the Insert tab, we can select pictures, rearrange them and enter text on our pictures. Each slide can have one picture or more pictures.

    Steps to create a photo album:-

    1. Click on the Photo Album option in the Images group of the Insert tab, and click on the New Photo Album option.

    2. A Photo Album dialog box will open, click on the File/Disk button. Then the Insert New Pictures dialog box will open, in it select the image files as per your requirement.

    3. After selecting the pictures, click on the Insert button to return to the Photo Album dialog box.

    4. The Photo Album dialog box provides options to rotate the images, change the brightness and contrast, change the layout of the images, rearrange the images, etc. Make changes to these options as per your requirements and click the Create button to insert the images into the photo album presentation.

    5. Now a new separate presentation will be created for the photo album, in which a title page and a separate slide for each image will be created automatically.

     

    Lesson – 5 Microsoft PowerPoint Part 2

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. ______ defines the design and placement of various elements on a slide.

    a) Background Style b) Placeholder c) Slide Layout d) Pattern

    2. A _____ is a combination of two or more colors, which merge into each other.

    a) Theme b) Pattern c) Background Style d) Gradient

    3. _____ is the default view, where we create, edit and design our slides.

    a) Normal View b) Slide View c) Slide Sorter View d) Reading View

    4. There are ______ default slide background styles available in PowerPoint 2010.

    a) 48                    b) 4                      c) 12                    d) 3

    5. The _____ control allows us to zoom in to see the slide contents up close.

    a) Zoom b) Slide c) Normal view d) Gradient

    Questions with very short answers

    1. Write the shortcut key to insert a new slide?

    Answer:- Ctrl+M

    2. Write the shortcut key to create a new presentation file?

    Answer:- Ctrl+N

    3. Which tab is used to format the text on slides?

    Answer:- Home tab

    4. Which PowerPoint view is used to present a presentation to the audience?

    Answer:- Slide Show view

    5. Which bar in PowerPoint contains the view buttons and zoom slider?

    Answer:- Status bar

    Questions with short answers.

    Question 1: Write the steps to create a new presentation file with the help of File tab in PowerPoint?

    Answer: We can insert slides through the following methods.

    1. Click on File tab.

    2. Click on New option.

    3. Click on Blank Presentation.

    4. Click on Create button.

    Or we can also add a new blank presentation using Ctrl+N key from our keyboard.

    Question 2: What are placeholders?

    Answer: Placeholders are containers with dotted lines in the slide layout in presentations, in which we can insert various types of content like tables, charts, pictures, clip art, etc.

    Question 3: What are themes?

    Answer: Themes are a set of predefined fonts and visual effects, using which we can present our presentation as a professional looking presentation. Using themes makes our presentation look attractive and consistent.

    Question 4: Write the names of the view buttons present in the status bar of the PowerPoint window?

    Answer: Names of the view buttons present in the status bar of the PowerPoint window:-

    1. Normal View

    2. Slide Sorter View

    3. Reading View

    4. Slide Show View

    Question 5: What is Gradient Fill?

    Answer: A gradient is a combination of two or more colors, which blend together. The Gradient Fill option is used to apply a gradient as a slide background.

    Question 6: What are the options available in the Fill pane of the Format Background dialog box?

    Answer: There are 4 options available in the Fill pane of the Format Background dialog box:-

    1. Solid Fill

    2. Gradient Fill

    3. Picture or Texture Fill

    4. Pattern Fill

    Long answer questions.

    Question 1: Explain in detail the different ways to change the appearance of a slide?

    Answer: There are two ways to change the appearance of a slide:-

    1. Changing the theme:- Themes are a set of predefined fonts and visual effects, using which we can make our presentation look professional. Using a theme makes our presentation look attractive and consistent.

    2. Changing Background Styles:- Backgrounds are images or design elements that are placed behind text, charts, images, etc. in a slide. Background styles are fill-variations based on theme colors, which update the background styles based on the newly selected theme colors when the theme is changed.

    Question 2: What is slide layout? How do you change the layout of a slide in PowerPoint?

    Answer: Slide layout shows that we can determine the design and placement of various elements in our slide. With the help of slide layout, we can insert our favorite object by selecting the relevant layout.

    Steps to change slide layout:-

    1. Select the slide whose layout you want to change.

    2. Click on the Layout drop-down menu in the Slides group of the Home tab.

    3. Select the layout as per your requirement.

    Question 3: Describe the slide-view options of PowerPoint?

    Answer: The slide-view options of PowerPoint are as follows:-

    1. Normal View:- This is the default view of PowerPoint. In this view, we can insert, design and edit our slides. This view has 3 work areas- the left area with slide tabs, the right area with slide pane and the bottom area with notes pane.

    2. Slide Sorter View:- This view displays the presentation slides in thumbnail form. The Slide Sorter View presents the overall picture of the presentation. Which makes it easy to reorder, insert, or delete slides.

    3. Reading View:- This view fills most of the computer screen with a preview of our presentation. This view shows some easy-to-use navigation buttons, which are located at the bottom right of the screen.

    4. Slide Show View:- We use a slide show to present our presentation to the audience. The slide show view has an additional menu that appears when we hover the mouse over it.

     

    Lesson – 6 Microsoft PowerPoint Part 3

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. ______ is a visual and motion effect that appears when we move from one slide to the next during a slide show of a presentation.

    a) Slide transition b) Animation c) Animation scheme d) Slide show

    2. PowerPoint provides _____ types of animation.

    a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

    3. PowerPoint provides a set of predefined animation effects, which are called _____.

    a) Slide transition b) Animation c) Animation scheme d) Slide show

    4. The full name of PDF is ______.

    a) Portable Data Format b) Portable Document Form c) Portable Data Form d) Portable Document Format

    5. We save PowerPoint presentation as PowerPoint Show with _____ extension.

    a) .ppsx b) .ppt c) .pptx d) .pdf

    Fill in the blanks.

    1. We can apply transition effects using ____ tab.

    Answer:- Transition

    2. ___ option provides us with the facility to reduce or increase the duration of the transition effect.

    Answer:- Duration

    3. ____ option is used to copy the animation effect.

    Answer:- Animation Painter

    4. ____ option is used to save the presentation file in another format.

    Answer:- Save as type

    Short answer questions.

    Question 1: What is slide transition?

    Answer: Slide transitions are visual and motion effects that appear when we move from one slide to the next during a slide show of a presentation. We can control the speed of transition effects, insert sound into them, and change their appearance.

    Question 2: What is animation?

    Answer: Animations are visual effects that show movement on objects in a presentation. These slide objects can be anything – text, pictures, charts, SmartArt graphics, shapes, video clips, etc. Animations help make a presentation more dynamic.

    Question 3: What are animation schemes in PowerPoint?

    Answer: PowerPoint provides a collection of predefined animation effects. This collection of animation effects is called animation schemes. We can apply these defined visual effects to slide objects with a single click.

    Question 4: How do you preview animations in PowerPoint?

    Answer: To test how the animation applied to objects will look, we can click the Preview button in the Preview group of the Animations tab at any time. We can also click the Play button on the Animations pane to preview the animation.

    Question 5: Name the 4 types of animations available in PowerPoint?

    Answer: Name the 4 types of animations available in PowerPoint:-

    1. Entrance

    2. Emphasis

    3. Exit

    4. Motion Path

    Long Answer Questions.

    Question 1: What is animation? How many types are there in PowerPoint?

    Answer: Animations are visual effects that show movement on objects in a presentation. These slide objects can be anything like – text, pictures, charts, SmartArt graphics, shapes, video clips, etc. Animations help in making the presentation more dynamic.

    There are four types of animations in PowerPoint:-

    Entrance: Entrance type animation is used to determine how an object enters the screen during a presentation. For example – the object moves up the slide and enters.

    Emphasis: This animation is used to draw the attention of the audience to an object, for example, an object can be shown in different ways by enlarging its size or changing its color to draw the attention of the audience.

    Exit: An exit type of animation is used to determine how something appears as it moves off the slide during a presentation. For example, an object zooms off the slide or disappears while moving, etc.

    Motion Paths: Motion Paths animations determine how something moves around the slide. For example, an object can move from left to right.

    Question 2: How do you save a PowerPoint presentation in PDF format?

    Answer: Steps to convert a PowerPoint presentation to PDF format:-

    1. Click on the File tab and click on the Save As option.

    2. Set the name of the file and the location to save it.

    3. Select PDF (*.pdf) format from the Save as type drop-down list.

    4. Create the final file by clicking on the save button.

    Question 3: How to apply slide transition in PowerPoint?

    Answer: Steps to apply slide transition in PowerPoint:-

    1. Select the slide on which the transition is to be applied.

    2. Click on the Transition tab and click on the desired transition effect from the “Transition to this slide” group.

    3. Select other options as required such as- Effects options, sound and duration etc.

    4. Click on the Preview button to see the appearance of the transition.

    5. If we want to apply the same transition to all the slides, then click on the “Apply to all” option in the Timing group.

    Lesson – 7 Generations of Computers

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. In the second generation computers, _____ were used as the primary processing components.

    a) Vacuum tubes b) VLSI circuits c) ULSI circuits d) Transistors

    2. The _____ generation of computers uses VLSI circuits.

    a) First b) Second c) Third d) Fourth

    3. In the third generation computers, _____ are used instead of transistors.

    a) Integrated circuits b) Vacuum tubes c) VLSI circuits d) ULSI circuits

    4. ______ is a new branch of computer science, which enables computers to think and act like humans.

    a) Robotics b) ULSI circuits c) Artificial Intelligence d) Integrated Circuits

    5. ULSI technology is used in _____ generation computers.

    a) Second b) Third c) Fourth d) Fifth

    Write the full form.

    1. ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

    2. IBM : International Business Machine

    3. IC : Integrated Circuits

    4. VLSI : Very Large-Scale Integration

    5. ULSI : Ultra Large-Scale Integration

    6. AI : Artificial Intelligence

    Short answer questions.

    Question 1: State the features of first generation computers?

    Answer: Features of first generation computers:-

    1. These computers were designed using vacuum tubes, which were available as electronic components at that time.

    2. They were capable of calculating data in milliseconds, and also offered an alternative for the development of computer generations.

    3. Machine and assembly languages ​​and stored program principles were used to operate the machines.

    4. These computers were the fastest computing devices of their time.

    Question 2: What technology is used for second generation computers?

    Answer: Second generation computers used transistors as primary processing components, magnetic cores as main memory, and magnetic tapes and disks as secondary storage. Computers of this generation were cheaper, less power-consuming, smaller in size, more reliable, and faster.

    Question 3: What is IC?

    Answer: An IC is defined as a microchip on which thousands and hundreds of electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors and transistors, are built. An IC works as an oscillator, amplifier, microprocessor, timer or computer memory.

    Question 4: Write about the fourth generation computers?

    Answer: The period of the fourth generation computers was from 1975-1989. The fourth generation computers used VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) circuits. VLSI circuits have about 5000 transistors, other components and their related circuits, all mounted on a single chip. The fourth generation computers were very powerful, small, reliable and affordable.

    Question 5: What is AI? Write the names of the important areas of AI?

    Answer: Artificial Intelligence means developing intellectual ability artificially. The word Artificial Intelligence is made up of two different words:- Artificial + Intelligence. Artificial means that which is not natural but artificial and is developed by humans.

    Names of important areas of AI:-

    • Robotics, game playing, creating expert systems that have the ability to make decisions in real life, systems that understand and speak common human languages.

    Question 6: Write the names of the first generation computers?

    Answer: Names of the first generation computers:-

    1. ENIAC

    2. EDVAC

    3. EDSAC

    4. UNIVAC

    5. IBM 701

    Long answer questions.

    Question 1: What do you mean by generations of computers? How are they divided?

    Answer: In computer technical terminology, a generation means a change in computer technology. Computer generations are classified into five generations as follows:

    1. First generation computers (1942-1955):- The first generation was from 1942-1955. The first generation computers used vacuum tubes as the main part for the memory and circuitry for the hidden central processing unit. These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat.

    2. Second generation computers (1955-1964):- The second generation of computers was from 1955-1964. Transistors were used as the basic processing components in this generation of computers. The computers of this generation were cheaper, less power-consuming, smaller in size, more reliable and faster than the machines of the first generation.

    3. Third generation computers (1964-1975):- The third generation of computers was from 1965-1971. Transistors were mainly used to develop computers in the second generation of computers, but integrated circuits were introduced in the third generation of computers. Jack Clybe was the founder of integrated circuits. Many single transistors, capacitors and resistors can be used in place of transistors in a single integrated circuit.

    4. Fourth generation computers (1975-1989):- The fourth generation of computers was between 1971-1980. These computers used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit technology. Hence they were also known as microprocessors. Intel was the first company to develop microprocessors. The first "personal computer" or PC, developed by IBM, belonged to this generation.

    5. Fifth Generation Computers (1989 - Present):- This is the current generation of computers and is the most advanced. This generation started around 1989 and is the current generation of computers. ULSI (Ultra Large-Scale Integration) technology is used in the fifth generation. These ULSI microprocessor chips have ten million electronic components. Input methods include modern high-level languages ​​like Python, R, C#.

    Question 2: Explain the fifth generation computers?

    Answer: This is the current generation of computers and is the most advanced. This generation started around 1989 and is the current generation of computers. ULSI (Ultra Large-Scale Integration) technology is used in the fifth generation. These ULSI microprocessor chips contain tens of millions of electronic components. Input methods include modern high-level languages ​​like Python, R, C#. These computers are at the cutting edge of modern scientific computation and are used to develop artificial intelligence or AI components that have the ability to think for themselves.

    Features of Fifth Generation Computers:-

    1. Fifth generation computers use the same technology that includes: development of expert systems, gaming, robotics, natural language understanding, and neural networks.

    2. The same technology has made these computers capable of understanding human language as well as recognizing graphs and images.

    3. The development of fifth generation computers aims to solve very complex problems, including working with natural language.

    4. These computers are very easy to move from one place to another and to repair.

    5. Computers made in the fifth generation can be easily maintained.

     

    Lesson – 8 Memory Units

    Multiple Choice Questions.

    1. A group of ______ bits is called a byte.

    a) 8       b) 16    c) 32     d) 64

    2. A bit or binary digit can be represented by logical _____ and _____.

    a) 0,1   b) 0,0   c) 1,2   d) 1,1

    3. RAM stands for _____.

    a) Read Access Memory b) Random Access Memory c) Both of the above d) None of these

    4. ROM stands for ______.

    a) Read Only Memory b) Random Only Memory c) Read Open Memory d) None of these

    5. Each track of a disk is divided into small parts, known as _____.

    a) Sectors b) Regions c) Cells d) Tapes

    Write the full form.

    1. MB : MEGA BYTE

    2. GB : GIGA BYTE

    3. SRAM : STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

    4. PROM : PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY

    5. IC : INSTRUCTION REGISTER

    Short Answer Questions.

    Question 1: What is memory?

    Answer: Computer memory is like the human brain. It is the storage area of ​​the computer in which data and instructions are stored. Computer memory is divided into many small parts, called cells. Each cell has a unique memory address.

    Question 2: Name the different types of memories?

    Answer: Memory can be divided into two main parts:-

    1. Internal memory

    2. External memory

    Question 3: What is primary memory?

    Answer: Primary memory is the memory that the CPU has direct access to. The computer cannot start without this memory. This memory is located on the motherboard of the computer near the CPU. The CPU can read data from these memories very quickly. This memory is faster than secondary memory but slower than registers and cache memory. There are two types of primary memory, RAM and ROM.

    Question 4: Write the names of different types of ROM?

    Answer: Names of different types of ROM:-

    1. Masked ROM

    2. Programmable ROM

    3. Erasable and programmable ROM

    4. Electrically erasable and programmable ROM

    Long answer questions.

    Question 1: Describe RAM and ROM?

    Answer: RAM:- RAM is volatile memory, which means that the information temporarily stored in the module is erased when you restart or turn off your computer. Since the information is stored electrically on transistors, when there is no electric current, the data disappears. Every time you request a file or information, it is retrieved from the computer’s storage disk or the internet. The data is stored in RAM, so every time you switch from one program or page to another, the information is immediately available. When the computer is turned off, the memory is cleared until the process is started again. Volatile memory can be easily replaced, upgraded or expanded by users.

    ROM:- ROM is volatile memory, which means that the information is permanently stored on the chip. Memory does not rely on an electric current to store data; instead, data is written to individual cells using binary code. Permanent memory is used for parts of a computer that do not change, such as the initial boot-up portion of software, or the firmware instructions that run your printer. Turning off the computer does not affect ROM. Permanent memory cannot be changed by users.

    Question 2: Explain external memory?

    Answer: External memory is also called secondary or auxiliary memory or permanent memory. It is used to store data and information permanently. These memories cannot be accessed directly by the CPU. They are accessed through input/output routines. The data in secondary memory is first sent to main memory, then the CPU can access this data. Some examples of secondary memory are CD-ROM, DVD, HARD DISK etc.

    Question 3: Describe the characteristics of secondary memory?

    Answer: Characteristics of secondary memory:-

    1. It is a magnetic and optical type of memory.

    2. Data is stored permanently in secondary memory until something else is written on it or it is erased by the user.

    3. Data is stored permanently in this memory even when the power is turned off.

    4. Due to the high physical stability of secondary storage devices, data remains safe in them.

    5. With the help of computer software, authorized users can quickly find and use the data.

    6. Secondary storage can store a lot of data in multiple sets of disks.

    7. Storing data on magnetic tape or disk is much cheaper than primary memory.

    8. The computer can start without secondary memory.

    9. Its speed is faster than primary memory.

    Question 4: What are tracks and sectors?

    Answer: The smallest unit that can be accessed on a disk. When a disk undergoes a low-level format, it is divided into tracks and sectors. Tracks are concentric circles around the disk and sectors are segments within each circle. For example, a formatted disk may have 40 tracks, each track divided into 10 sectors. The operating system and disk drives keep tabs on where information is stored on the disk by noting its track and sector number.

    Question 5: What is cache memory? Write its advantages and disadvantages?

    Answer: Cache memory is a special and very high-speed memory. Cache memory is more expensive than main memory or disk memory, but more economical than CPU registers. Cache memory is a type of very fast memory that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU. It holds frequently requested data and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when needed. Cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access data from main memory.

    Advantages of cache memory:-

    1. It is faster than main memory.

    2. Access time is much less compared to main memory.

    3. The speed of accessing data increases, so the CPU works faster.

    4. Apart from this, the performance of the CPU also improves.

    5. It stores the current data in cache memory and so that it can be used when needed.

    Disadvantages of cache memory:-

    1. It is quite expensive.

    2. Storage capacity is limited.