Structure of Question Paper (Written Examination)
1. The
question paper will be divided into three parts (Part A, B and C).
2. Part
A will contain questions numbered 1 to 2.
i) In
Question No. 1, 6 questions carrying 1-1 marks will be of multiple choice and
fill-in-the-blank types.
ii) In
Question No. 2, 6 questions carrying 1-1 marks will be of full form,
true/false, and shortcut keys types.
3. In
Part-A, there will be 7 questions carrying 4-4 marks short answers from question
numbers 3 to 9, out of which any 5 questions will be mandatory.
4. In
Part-C, there will be 5 questions carrying 6 marks each from question numbers
10 to 14, out of which any 3 questions will be mandatory.
Multiple choice questions(1-1 Marks)
1._______ is a word processor software.
a) MS Windows b)
MS Excel c) MS PowerPoint d) MS Word
2. To check spelling and grammar ______ key is used.
a)
Ctrl+F7 b)
Alt+F7 c) F7 d) Shift+F7
3) _____ option in MS-word changes the structure and layout
of pages.
a) Format b)
Print and print preview c) Page
setup d) Proofing
4. _______ is electronic spreadsheet software used for
automated calculation.
a)
MS Windows b)
MS Excel c) MS PowerPoint d) MS Word
5. ______ refers to changing the font, style, size, color,
bold, italic, underline and other related parameters.
a)
formatting b)
alignment c) proofing d) filtering
6. Which of the following
statements is also called as conditional statement?
A) For b)
break c) if d) while
7. Switch-Case is similar
to __________ statement.
A) if-else b) if else if c)
break d) Goto
8. Which statement can be
used to terminate a case in switch statement.
A) Continue b) goto c)
if d) break
9. Which of the following is an example of a post test loop?
A) for b)
while c) Do while d) Continue
10. Which of the following is not a jumping statement?
A) While b) Continue c)
goto d)
break
11. A computer _________ is a set of computers that are
connected together.
a)
Network b)
System c)
Protocol d)
Internet
12. A ______ is basically a multiport repeater.
a) Hub b)
Switch c) Router d) Bridge
13. A _____ is a 2 port device.
a)
Hub b)
Switch c) Router d) Bridge
14. Wi-Fi stands for _________ .
a)
Wireless field b)
Wireless Fidelity c)
wire fire d) Wire
fidelity
15. A ______ is a combination of a Bridge and a Router.
a)
Switch b)
Bridge c) Hub d) Brouter
16. Information Technology (IT) is an area under which
computers or other physical devices (hardware, software) are used to create,
____, secure and exchange electronic data.
a. Access b.
process c. define d. save
17. With the introduction of online education services,
students can learn from anywhere using the _____
a. Internet b.
electricity c. 5G Technology d. email
18. Android operating system is a _____ operating system.
- Computer b. Mobile c. Technology d. Virtual reality
19. Cloud computing is a kind of based computing.
a. Big-data b.
IoT c. Internet d. Bluetooth
20. Who brought the concept of AI?
a) Victor Allis b)
Marvin Minsky c) Alan Turing d) John McCarthy
21. Which type of AI focuses on single set of abilities
&performs a particular task?
a) Super AI b)
Narrow AI c) General
AI d) None of these.
22. Which one of AI type does not have memory for data
storage
a) Limited Memory b)
Reactive machines c)
Things of Mind d) Self
Awareness
23. The conversion of natural language into computer
understandable form
a) Intrusion detection
b) Machine translation c)
Identification d) None of
these.
24. The core of the expert system which by applying set of
rules and draw the results of the user question is the function of
a) Inference engine b)
Knowledge base c) User Interface d) None of these
25. Place where knowledge from the human expert is collected
a) Domain expert b)
Knowledge Base c) User d) All of these
26. Robots which provides help for analyzing the collected
data are
a) Healthcare robots b)
Domestic robots c) Military robots d) Research robots
27. ______ is the process to convert information into
computer readable form.
a) E-learning b)
E-commerce c)
Digitalization d) Net
Banking
28. ______ is meant to be online buying and selling of
goods.
a) E-commerce b)
Digi Locker c) Digital Payment d) None of these
29. Easiest and convenient way for cashless payment is
_______.
a) Digitalization b)
Storage c)
Offline d)
Digital Payment
30. ______ stores only those educational certificates,
issued by educational institutes through digital mode.
a) SWAYAM b)
NAD c) MOOCs d) DigiLocker
31. ______ is a type of e-commerce which involves company
and customer.
a) B2B b)
B2C c) C2C d) None of these
32. The online service of government is called-
a) Public welfare services b)
democracy services c)
E-governance d) internet services
33. G2C Stands for –
a) Government to employee b) Government to citizens c) Government to business man d) Government to government
34. The modern form of E-Governance services is:
a) E-Business b)
E-Commerce c)
E-Services d)Smart
governance
35. How many digits are there in Aadhar card number?
a) 14 b)
12 c) 16 d) 10
36. Which one is the part of information system?
a)
Database and procedures b) network c)
Hardware and software d) All of
these
37. ___ tool allows us to select a drawing with a free hand.
a. Fuzzy
Selection b. Lasso c. Text d. Bucket Fill
38. SHIFT + C is a shortcut for _______
a. To
Create Duplicate Image b.
To Delete Layer c. To Copy of an
image d.
To Crop an Image
39. Scale option is used to change the _____ of an image.
a. Color b. Size c. Area d. All of the above
40. _______ is known as group of sheets looking at each
other.
a. Masking b. Tools c. Layers d. None of the above
41. ______ helps to make a duplicate copy of the active
layer
- Smudge
Tool b. Dodge Tool c. Perspective Tool d. Duplicate Layer
42. In order for the computer to play audio files, different are
required.
a. Video
codecs b. Audio Codecs c. Both a & b d. None
43. ____ format is a common audio format that is played
extensively on electronic devices.
a. wmv b. avi c. mp3 d.
cda
44. Audio files are stored on the Audio CD in ____ format.
a. flv b. aac c. mov d. cda
45. The effect applied between two video-clips is called
a. sound b. video c. video transition d.
photo
46. The process of dividing the video into sections is
called
a. merging b.
splitting c.
compressing d.
decompressing
Fill in the blanks(1-1 Marks)
1. ___ and ___ function used to find the minimum and maximum
value in range.
Answer:- MIN and MAX
2. Filter option is available in _____ tab of Excel.
Answer:- Data
3. If the cursor is placed at the end of the file, then
_______ button is pressed to delete the text.
Answer:- Backspace
4. Two option of orientation for page setup are _____ and
_____.
Answer:- Portrait and Landscape
5. ________ Symbol is used to start any formula in excel
Calculation.
Answer:- Equal(=) sign
6. In _____ loops,
the control conditions are tested before the body of the loop.
Answer: - Pre-test loop
7. In _____ loops, the control conditions are tested after
the body of the loop.
Answer: - Post test loop
8. ______ statement is used to skip some statements inside
the loop.
Answer: continue
9. ______ is a multi-way conditional control statement.
Answer: switch case
10. The break statements can be used to eliminate a case in
the _____ statements.
Answer: Switch case
11. Artificial Intelligence is divided into two types _____
and ________.
Answer:- Type-1, Type-2
12. ___________ is a chess playing computer developed by
IBM.
Answer:- Deep Blue
13. ____________ is a good example of narrow artificial
intelligence.
Answer:- Apple siri
14.
___________ machine have no memory.
Answer:
Machine Learning
15. MYCIN
and ____ are examples of earlier expert systems.
Answer:
Dyndral
16.
___________ Generation Robots are smart as humans.
Answer:
Fourth
17. The services and facilities of E-governance is divided
into _____ parts.
Answer: Three
18. ________ gives a unique identity to Indian citizens.
Answer:
Aadhar Number
19. In Punjab at village level _____ Gives E-Governance
services.
Answer:
Sewa/Suwidha Center
20. ________ is used to solve difficult problems.
Answer:
Expert System
21. Smart cards are symbol of _________.
Answer: Smart Governance
22. To resize the layer _____ tool is used.
Answer: Scale
23. To move the layers _____ tool is used.
Answer: Move
24. To remove objects from Canvas _____ tool is used.
Answer: Magic Wand
25. The quality of the picture decreases when the picture is
_____
Answer: Scaled
26. An important part of the Image Window is _____ where the
picture is shown.
Answer: Canvas
Very short answer type questions(1-1Marks)
1. Write the full form of WYSIWYG?
Answer:- What You See Is What You Get
2. Write the short cut keys to move text in Word document?
Answer:- Ctrl+x, Ctrl+v
3. Write the name of four types of alignments?
Answer:- Left, Center, Right, Justify
4. Which Excel function is used to continue contents from
different cells into one cell?
Answer:- concatenate()
5. Write the name of any two fonts that can be used to type
in Punjabi language?
Answer:- Anmollipi, Asses, joy, Raavi font
6. Writing if statement with-in-another if is called as?.
Answer: - Nested if
7. Which statements in C programming are used for altering
the normal flow of a program?
Answer: - Branching control statement
8. Which statement is sometimes desirable to skip some
statements inside the loop?
Answer: continue
9. Which statements provide a way to repeat commands?
Answer: goto
10. Write the full form of UIDAI?
Answer: Unique Identification Authority of India
11. Name any two information systems?
Answer: Management Information System, Decision Support
System
12. Write the names of different levels of E-governance?
Answer: International, Domestic and National levels
13. Write the full form of G2G?
Answer: Government to Government
14. Write the full form of TPS?
Answer: Transaction Processing System
Write full forms(1-1marks)
- UTP - Unshielded
twisted pair
- FTP - File
transfer protocol
- SMTP - Simple
mail transfer protocol
- POP - Post
office protocol
- HTTP - Hyper
text transfer protocol
- MAC - Media
Access control address
- Wi-Fi : Wireless Fidelity
- VR : Virtual reality
- IoT : Internet of Things
- IT : Information Technology
- GPS : Global Positioning System
- AI : Artificial
Intelligence
- GAI : General
Artificial Intelligence
- NLP : Natural
Language Processing
- SAI : Strong
Artificial Intelligence
- GIF : Graphics Interchange Format
- PNG : Portable Networks Graphics
- TIFF : Tagged Image File Format
- JPG : Joint Photographic Expert
Group
- PSD : Photoshop Document
- BMP : Bitmap Picture
- MP4 : Moving
Picture Experts Group-4
- MP3 : MPEG
Audio Layer 3
- WMV : Windows
Media Video
- FLV : Flash
Video
- AVI : Audio
Video Interleaved
Write True or False(1-1marks)
1. The process of making a movie is divided into five
stages. (False)
2. Video editing works with only one video clip. (False)
3. Merging a video means splitting the clip into several
parts. (False)
4. It is advisable to save the project before starting the
process of exporting video file.(True)
5. MPEG-4 video format uses different compression for audio
and video tracks. (True)
Short answer type questions(4-4marks)
Question 1: What is Excel?
Answer:- Microsoft Excel is a powerful electronic
spreadsheet program that lets you store data, perform calculations, draw
conclusions, create graphs, report data that looks like a professional, publish
data on a website and access real time data and facilitates access.
Question 2: Explain formatting in details?
Answer:- Formatting text means changing the style of the
font. In which we can change the appearance of the text by formatting,
increasing and decreasing the font size, changing the color of the text,
bolding the text, italicizing, underlining, etc.
Question 3: Explain print and print preview option?
Answer:- Print preview is a feature that indicates how a
document will look before it is printed on paper. With the print command we can
print documents by setting the printer selection, paper size, page orientation
etc.
Question 4: What are formulas in MS Excel?
Answer:- In MS Excel, we can use formulas to calculate
school results, grading, and student fees, etc. The formula always starts with
the “=” (equal) sign.
Examples of formulas: -
- =D12+D13
- =A4-A5
- =C5+D6*E2
Question 5: What do
you know about the formula bar in Excel?
Answer:- Formula Bar is
one of the most important components of MS Excel. The Formula Bar is located at
the top of the Excel window and at the bottom of the ribbon. The formula bar
has two parts: the first part is the name box which represents the address of
the cell and the second part is the function which represents the typed data or
formula.
Question 6: What are Margins?
Answer:- A margin is the space between text and the edge of
a document. The margin of a new document is set to normal, and it has four
parts: top margin, bottom margin, left margin, right margin. The document
defines these four margins as one inch, which we can change to suit our needs.
Question 7. Define Branching? Name the different Control
statements?
Answer:- Statements who select one branch or another during
the course of a program are called a branching statement. These statements are
used for decision making or to choose from more than one.
The branching statement is further divided into two parts: -
1. Conditional control statement
2. Multi-way conditional control statement
Question 8. what is Looping? Name three different types
of looping statements?
Answer:- Looping statements are also called iterative
statements. There may be situations in programs when we need to execute a block
of statements multiple times. In such cases, the loops provide us with a way to
repeat the statements and they also control how often the statements will be
repeated.
The different types of looping statements are: -
- For
loop
- While
loop
- Do
while loop
Question 9. what is
nested if statement? Write its syntax?
Answer:- When a statement
block of another if condition or a statement block of another if-else condition
is used, it is called as nested if statement. In this way we can say that the
block of internal statement will work when the condition of the external
statement and the condition of the internal statement should be correct.
Syntax: -
if(expression or condition1)
{
/*Execute when condition1 is true*/
if(expression or condition2)
{ /*Execute when
condition2 is true*/
Block1 of statements;
}}
Question 10. what is if-else statement? Write a program
of il-else statement?
Answer:- We can also control the status of execution of a
statement through if-else statements. When we have to make a decision based on
two or more conditions, or get a program to do something special, we use the
if-else statement. In this case, if the if condition proves to be correct, the
if block is applied, and the else section is omitted and in case of
misrepresentation of the statement, only the else section has to be applied.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a=20, b=10;
if(a>b)
{
printf(“a is
greater than b”);
}
else
{
printf(“a is less
than b”);
}
getch();}
Question 11. what is while statement? Write its syntax?
Answer:- while loop is a pre-test loop, and this loop can be
used to repeat a statement over and over again. Only the test condition is
defined in the while loop, the initial part of the loop is defined before the
while loop, and the step size of the loop is declared inside the while loop. In
while loop, statements get executed as long as condition is true.
Syntax of while loop:-
Variable
declaration;
Variable
initialization;
while(test
condition)
{
Statement block;
Step size;
}
Question:12 What is Information Technology?
Answer: Information technology is an area in which computers
or other physical components such as hardware and software are used to create,
process, store, and store and exchange information. Information technology
encompasses all types of technology such as commercial data, voice,
conversations, photos, motion pictures, multimedia, presentation information
creation, storage, conversion and use.
Question 13. Write about different types of OSI layers?
Answer: Different types of OSI layers:-
1. Physical layer
2. Data link layer
3. Network layer
4. Transport layer
5. Session layer
6. Presentation layer
7. Application layer
Question 14. What is a bridge?
Answer: A bridge is a device that is used to connect two
different networks to each other and to another network segment. A bridge uses
a MAC address information to forward data packets. It forwards only the packets
that belong to it from one network to another. A bridge has an input and an
output port.
There are two types of bridges:-
1. Transparent Basic Bridge
2. Source Routing Bridge
Question 15. Why do we need a network?
Answer: Networking is needed for the following reasons:
1. To share computer files
2. To share different hardware components of a computer
3. To enable computers to communicate with each other
4. To increase the speed and accuracy of communication
5. To reduce the cost of data transfer
6. To work in groups
7. To increase the productivity of work through a network
Question 16. What is Guided Media?
Answer: In computer networking, computers and
communication devices use signals to send data from one place to another and
these signals communicate between different devices in the form of
electromagnetic energy. A communication medium is any material substance, which
propagates waves or energy. In this, data is transmitted through copper wires,
fiber optic wires, coaxial cables.
Example:- Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical
fiber cable.
Question 17. What is unguided media?
Answer: In unguided media, signals are sent freely in all
directions, no cables are used in them. Unguided media transfers data using
electromagnetic waves without using any physical conductor. Unguided media is a
data signal that flows through the air. These media are not classified by the
channel to be adopted or guided. They are classified by the type of wave
propagation.
Example:- Infrared, Radio waves, Bluetooth, Microwaves,
Wi-Fi, Satellites.
Question 18. Define protocol?
Answer: There are some rules made for sending and
receiving information properly in a computer network, these rules are called
protocols. How devices connected to a network will communicate with each other,
in what format data will be transferred between them and what will happen after
the data is received is determined by the protocol. No computer network can
function without protocols, even the Internet cannot be imagined without it.
Question 19. What is Information Technology?
Answer: Information Technology is a field under which
computers or other physical components such as hardware and software are used
to create, process, store, and protect and exchange data. Information
technology includes all the technologies that create, store, change and use
information in various fields such as business data, voice, conversations,
photos, moving images, multimedia, presentations.
Question 20. Name the four current trends in information
technology?
Answer: Name the four current trends in information
technology:-
1. Mobile Internet
2. Wi-Fi technology
3. Bluetooth technology
4. E-commerce
5. M-commerce
Question 21. Define Bluetooth technology?
Answer: Bluetooth is a wireless local area network
technology, through which all types of media files can be sent or received
wirelessly using Bluetooth. This technology is used to exchange information
over short distances between phones, laptops, personal computers, printers,
digital cameras, mobile phones, web cameras, GPS, cars, keyboards, mice, etc.
Question 22. What is GPS technology?
Answer: The full name of GPS is Global Positioning
System, and a GPS is available in every smartphone. GPS technology is used to
find the geographical position of any place or location, and it is a global
navigation satellite system. Using it, we can find the distance or route
between any two places and it is also used to find nearby institutions, hotels,
offices, etc. or to prepare maps.
Question 23. Tell us about multimedia technology in the
context of information technology?
Answer: Multimedia includes all those technologies that
help in creating or displaying multimedia content, which combines images,
audio, video and text, etc. in a single application software. Multimedia
technology includes those interactive computer-based applications that allow
people to exchange information in digital and print media.
Question 24. Define 5G technology?
Answer: 5G is the next generation wireless technology,
which is many times better than 3G and 4G. 5G mobile networks will not only
connect people but also connect and control machines and devices. 5G networks
can be 100 times faster than 4G, and data can be sent at a speed of more than
20Gbps through a wireless broadband connection. With the help of 5G, a
full-length movie can be downloaded in just one minute.
Question 25. What is Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: Artificial Intelligence means developing
intellectual ability artificially. The word Artificial Intelligence is made up
of two different words: - Artificial + Intelligence. Artificial means that
which is not natural but artificial and has been developed by humans.
Intelligence means the mental ability to understand, acquire knowledge and
apply principles, facts or meanings, and it refers to the ability to learn and
understand.
Question 26. Explain the types and subtypes of artificial
intelligence through a diagram?
Answer:
Question 27. What do you understand by expert system?
Give examples of expert systems?
Answer: An expert system is a computer program that is
designed to solve complex problems and provide the ability to make decisions
like a human expert. It uses logic and inference rules according to the user's
questions and makes decisions using its knowledge base.
A common example of an expert system:-
1. Dendral:- This is an expert system for chemical
analysis.
2. Mycen:- This expert system specializes in treating
blood infections.
Question 28. Explain the difference between a human
system and an expert system?
Answer: Difference between a human system and an expert
system:-
Question 29. Briefly describe some of the computer
languages used in
the field of AI?
Answer: Some of the computer languages used in the field of AI:-
1. Lisp:- Lisp is a very old and AI-friendly language for
the development of artificial intelligence. It was developed by the father of
artificial intelligence, John McCarthy, in 1958.
2. Jhaara:- Java can also be considered a good option for
the development of artificial intelligence. Search algorithms, artificial
neural networks and genetic programming can be used with the help of Java.
Question 30. What is meant by digitization?
Answer: Digitization means the process of converting
information into digital medium i.e. computer readable and computer storable
form, through which information is stored in the form of bits. Through
digitization, images, documents, audio, video etc. can be converted into
digital medium through various computer devices.
Question 31. Give information about netbanking?
Answer: Netbanking is also called internet banking, after
availing the facility of netbanking, the customer can check his bank account
statement, money transaction, payment, transfer money to savings schemes
sitting at home. To avail the facility of net banking, the customer goes to the
bank and fills the application form, after which a unique username and password
are issued to the user for using net banking, which the bank advises the
customer to use confidentially.
Question 32. What do you understand by e-commerce?
Answer: E-commerce is also called electronic commerce or
internet commerce. Buying or selling goods, using services, transacting money,
etc. through the internet. With this facility, trade has got a new direction
and businesses have flourished a lot. Examples of websites for buying or
selling goods under e-commerce: Amazon, Dhalpikort, eBay, Oly, Thuqir etc.
Question 33. Write the names of the types of e-commerce?
Answer: Name the types of e-commerce:-
1. Business to Business
2. Business to Consumer
3. Consumer to Consumer
4. Consumer to Business
Question 34. Write the benefits of online payments?
Answer: Benefits of online payments:-
Easy and convenient
Money transactions anytime and anywhere
Savings with digital payments
Question 35. Tell us about DigiLocker?
Answer: Digital Locker helps in eliminating the use of
paper documents and enables sharing of e-documents among government agencies
through an extension to verify the authenticity of documents online. Digital
Locker or Digital Locker provides access to authenticated virtual documents. It
is a digital document vault where you can store your documents like driving
license, PAN card, voter ID, policy documents, etc. You can upload documents
and keep them safe when you sign up for a DigiLocker account.
Question 36. What is e-learning?
Answer: E-learning, also known as online learning or
electronic learning, is the acquisition of knowledge through electronic
technologies and media. E-learning is learning that is electronically enabled.
E-learning is conducted over the internet, where students can access their
learning materials online at any place and time. E-learning often takes the
form of online courses, online degrees, or online programs.
Question 37. What is online or digital payment?
Answer: Online payment is also called digital or
e-payment or electronic payment. It is an easy and fast way of making cashless
payments, in which payment is made through digital medium. In this, both the
payer and the recipient use digital medium. Money transfer, purchase of goods,
mobile or dish recharge, payment of electricity, water or mobile bills etc. can
be done easily and instantly through digital payment.
Question 38. What are the three levels of e-governance?
Give information?
Answer: The three levels of e-governance are as follows:-
1. Domestic/provincial level
2. National level
3. Inter-state level
Question 39. Give brief information about smart
governance?
Answer: Smart governance is the modern form of
e-governance. In this, smart means attractive or functional and governance
means rule. Smart governance is the provision of services to citizens by any
democratic government in an effective, easily accessible and equitable manner,
which contribute to the public welfare and economic development of the country.
Smart governance is the use of new technology for good planning and good
decision-making in a technologically advanced and democratic system.
Question 40. Write any four uses of Aadhaar card?
Answer: The uses of Aadhaar card are as follows:-
1. To get a PAN card.
2. To open a bank account.
3. To get gas connection and subsidy.
4. To get a mobile SIM card or telephone connection.
Question 41. Write about the components of an information
system?
Answer: Parts of Information System:-
1. Hardware Part:- This part includes the physical parts
of the computer like monitor, keyboard, mouse etc. which work together.
2. Software Part:- This part includes all those programs
using which data can be processed with the help of hardware.
3. Database Part:- This part is used to store data in
file form.
4. Network Part:- This part is used to share resources,
information and data in the information system.
5. Procedure:- This part includes those methods and
procedures which are used to process data in the information system and obtain
information.
Question 42. What are service/facility centers? Explain?
Answer: The government has opened various support centers
at the district, block, city and village levels to provide e-services and
facilities through e-governance, these support centers are called Sarv Seva
Kendra or Seva Kendra. Through the Seva Kendra, we can get residence
certificates, caste certificates, birth and death certificates, income
certificates, Aadhar cards, religious certificates, registry, copies of
mutation, online electricity, telephone bills, vehicle registration
certificates etc.
Long answer type questions(6-6marks)
Question
1: What are network layers? Describe any three network devices?
Answer:- A
network device is the hardware used to build a network. This network can be a
small network used in a home or office or a large network used in large
buildings.
Different types of network devices: -
1. Hub: - A hub is a networking device that transmits
data to each computer or connected Ethernet based device. When a computer in a
network requests a particular computer for information, the hub receives that
request and sends it to the main computer. The hub performs the task of
duplicating data packets received from a single port, making them available on
group ports and allowing data sharing between group devices connected to it.
2. Switch: - A Switch is a device that transfers data
packets between many network devices such as computers, routers, servers or
other Switches. The switch contains a buffer, which increases the efficiency
and performance of the switch. The switch can also check for any errors before
forwarding the data, and this feature makes it very effective, as it does not
forward the packets that contain errors but only sends the correct packets to
the correct port.
3. Repeater: - A router is a hardware device that
acts as a network gateway in a network, and is responsible for the flow of data
in a network and the connection of the network to the Internet. A router is a
switch-like device that sends data packets to a network based on their IP
(Internet Protocol) address. A router is primarily a network layer device.
Question
2: What is unguided media? Write any two media?
Answer:- In
unguided media, signals are sent independently in group directions, without the
use of cables. Unguided media transfers data using electromagnetic waves
without the use of physical conductors. Unguided media communication is a data
signal that flows through the air. These media are not categorized for adoption
or guidance by any channel. These are categorized by type of wave propagation.
Types of Unguided Media: -
1. Infrared: - Infrared is a type of wireless mobile
technology used to communicate over a small area. The major drawback of
infrared communication is that it operates according to the line of sight
principle and its transmission range is limited, due to which its signals
cannot cross any wall in its path. Infrared cannot be used for long distance
communication as its use is limited to enclosed spaces. The use of infrared
does not require government approval.
2. Bluetooth: - Bluetooth is a type of radio
communication technology that enables a low power and short distance wireless
networking between phones, computers and other network devices. The process
used to connect two Bluetooth devices is called pairing. Personal computers and
other devices can be connected using a Bluetooth dongle. Bluetooth networks use
a dynamic topology called piconet. Signals sent via Bluetooth can transmit up
to 30 feet.
3. Wi-Fi: - The full name of Wi-Fi is Wireless
Fidelity, and it is called Wireless Local Area Network. Wi-Fi enables local
area networks to operate without cables and wiring. Using Wi-Fi, we can
exchange information between two or more devices connected to the same network.
Wi-Fi is designed for mobile computing devices, but is now used in electronics
such as televisions, DVD players, and even digital cameras.
Question
3: What is twisted pair cable? Define its advantages and disadvantages?
Answer:- Twisted
pair cabling consists of two different insulated copper wires and these two
wires appear to be wrapped around each other. One wire in each pair is used for
data transfer and the other wire for earthing. These two insulated copper wires
are twisted around each other to reduce cross talk between the wires. This wire
is flexible and can easily connect to any device. This cable can transfer data
up to a distance of 1 km or more with a speed of 1-2 megabits per second. The
shorter the distance of this cable, the higher the speed of data transfer.
Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable: -
1. These cables can be used for both analog and digital
transmission.
2. These distances are cheaper for shorter distances.
3. If any part of the network is damaged, the entire network
is not down.
Disadvantages of Twisted Pair Cable: -
1. The signal cannot travel long distances without the use
of repeaters.
2. The error rate is higher at a distance of more than 100
meters.
3. Very thin wire breaks easily, so this wire is not
suitable for broadband connection.
Question
4: What is fibre optic cable? Define its advantages and disadvantages?
Answer:- This
cable is made of thousands of thin fibers of glass, one fiber of each glass is
as thin as a thread, through which light can be transferred. In it a ray of
light is sent at a speed of one million bits per second. A fiber cable can
transmits a few television signals and thousands of telephone line signals. The
size and weight of this cable is less than that of a coaxial cable and the data
transfer rate is also 10 times higher than that of a coaxial cable.
Advantages of Fiber Optical Cable: -
1. A single mode fiber can be used in place of large and
heavy copper wire.
2. Suitable for high bandwidth, industrial and noisy areas.
3. It does not weaken data signals and can be sent over long
distances.
Disadvantages of Fiber Optical Cable: -
1. Optical fiber cable is expensive.
2. Optical fiber cable has to be polished so that light can
be sent with little damage.
3. Light waves are unidirectional, so full duplex
communication requires two frequencies.
Question
5: What is communication mode? Define its types?
Answer:- The
process of transferring data or information between two devices connected to a
network is called communication mode. They also indicate the direction of
signal flow between connected devices.
There are three types of communication mode: -
1. Simplex mode: - In Simplex the transmission of
data is one direction, meaning notifications can only go in one direction, and
the signal cannot be sent back to the sender due to one way traffic. Only one
of the two connected devices can transfer data, and the other device can
receive data. Example: Keyboard, mouse. Television.
2. Half Duplex Mode: - In Half Duplex the data is
transmitted between the two devices, meaning both the sender and the receiver
can send data to each other, but the data can be sent in the same direction at
the same time. This transmission is used when data transmission is not required
at the same time. Example: walkie-talkie
3. Full duplex mode: - In Full duplex mode sender and
receiver can transmit data simultaneously through full duplex. In a full duplex
the data transmission capability is divided into two parts so that both can
transmit data. Example: telephone line.
Question 6. What is Information Technology and tell about
its application area?
Answer: Information Technology is a field under which
computers or other physical components such as hardware and software are used
to create, process, store, and protect and exchange information. The
application areas of Information Technology are as follows:-
1. Business:- Information Technology can be used in
business to run its work smoothly with the help of computers and various
software.
2. Classroom Education:- Taking advantage of the progress
in education technology, students can be reached and helped in preparing for a
bright future. For this, teachers can use devices like computers, mobile
phones, smart electronic boards during teaching work and use the Internet as a
medium of education.
3. Online Education:- With the introduction of online
education, students can learn from anywhere using the internet.
4. Finance:- The invention of computers has changed the
way the finance industry and business deal with transactions, it has now become
possible for accountants to maintain large amounts of data, perform complex
calculations and manage financial transactions from the computer itself.
5. Health:- With the improvement of information
technology, it is becoming easier to improve the health sector, with it it
becomes possible to provide timely care and reduce costs. Information
technology helps health facilities, especially hospitals, to establish contact
with patients, answer their questions, conduct public awareness campaigns and
do community outreach.
6. Media:- The media sector has been completely
transformed by information technology, and now the media makes news accessible
in a better way and distributes it to people on a wider scale.
7. Transportation:- New discoveries and inventions have
also improved transportation to a great extent, roads, railways, air routes,
and waterways have been revolutionized everywhere. Finding the availability of
seats and travel time has become easy only because of the internet.
Question 7. What is Android technology and tell its
benefits?
Answer: Android is a great operating system, which is
used for mobiles, and it was developed by the Open Handset Alliance and later
it was supported by Google. Android was developed for touch screen mobiles,
which are called smartphones, but now it is also used in tablet computers,
cars, TVs, wrist watches, notebooks, gaming consoles, digital cameras, etc.
Android operating system is being used. Android has proven to be a very good
platform, and its various features make it better than other platforms.
Benefits of Android Technology:-
1. Supports various media platforms, such as Android 3.
Supports various technologies, such as camera, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, speech, etc.
3. Provides multi-tasking and easy access.
4. Compatible with various platforms such as Windows
Operating System, Mac Operating System, and Linux Operating System, etc.
5. Having a large number of users.
Question 8. What is the Internet of Things and write its
benefits?
Answer: Internet of Things is a new technology, which
focuses on making human life more convenient and comfortable. Internet of
Things is a group of devices that are connected to the Internet, and these
devices include wireless sensors, software, actuators, and computer devices. In
this, each device is given a unique identification ID, and these devices use
wired or wireless medium to connect with each other, collect information and
send information and data to each other, etc. In the Internet of Things, all
the work is done with very little human help or without human help.
Benefits of the Internet of Things (IoT):-
1. Reduces human efforts.
2. Improves security.
3. Saves time.
4. Efficient management.
5. Efficient use of resources and equipment.
6. Interaction.
7. Efficient use of electricity and energy.
Question 9. What are the areas of use of artificial
intelligence? Give details?
Answer: Areas of use of artificial intelligence:-
1. AI is used to create intrusion detection systems. For
example, a firewall program in an operating system that automatically blocks
unauthorized websites.
2. AI is used in the gaming field. In particular, it
plays an important role in strategic games such as chess, tic-tac-toe.
3. AI plays an important role in systems that process
natural languages. For example: Human-interactive computer systems that can
understand and process human language
4. AI is used to build vision systems. These systems are
able to understand and analyze visual input to a computer. Example: Spy drones
5. AI is used in the creation of expert systems.
6. AI is used to create intelligent robots.
7. AI is used in the creation of machine learning
systems.
Question 10. Explain the importance of Artificial
Intelligence?
Answer: Importance of Artificial Intelligence:-
1. In the field of gaming and entertainment:- From virtual
reality games to modern games, this is one industry where Artificial
Intelligence has taken the biggest leap. Bots are always there to play with
you, and so you don't need another person to play. The level of personalized
details and graphics is also possible due to the advent of Artificial
Intelligence and is taking this industry to a different level.
2. In the field of banking and financial institutions:-
Artificial intelligence is playing an important role in managing financial
transactions and handling many other activities in banks. The daily tasks of
banks like lending and financial operations, stock market money and their
management, etc. are being done very easily and effectively by these machine
learning models.
3. Voice recognition:- Artificial intelligence technology
recognizes the words spoken by the user and converts them into text or gives a
response. It is also called speech recognition. For example, Google asks us to
speak on mobile or computer and after analyzing it, responds to the user. Apple
company's Siri software is also a good example of voice recognition.
4. Computer Vision and Analytics:- Computer Vision 3D
represents real world information in a three dimensional way in a very easy to
understand way. Computer Vision helps in pattern recognition. It automatically
gathers information from images, pictures and patterns and provides us with
information.
Question 11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
AI?
Answer: Advantages of AI:-
1. AI based systems increase performance. These systems
perform complex tasks without errors.
2. AI based systems can work for long periods without rest.
These systems do not get sick and do not take leave like humans.
3. Machines are emotionless so emotional disturbances cannot
stop machines or robots from working.
4. There is no possibility of error in the operation of
these systems.
Disadvantages of AI:-
1. There is no empathy in machines.
2. Excessive use of these systems will increase
unemployment.
3. If these systems break, then the important data stored in
them will also be lost.
4. These systems can be misused if they fall into the wrong
hands.
Question 12. Tell about the characteristics of expert
systems?
Answer: Characteristics of expert systems:-
1. Expertise: Expert systems specialize in a specific field.
For example, the Mysn expert system specializes in treating blood infections.
2. Fast response time: Expert systems provide instant
answers to the questions being asked of them.
3. Reliability: No mistakes are made by expert systems,
hence they are reliable.
4. Quality of Decision: Expert systems are capable of making
high quality decisions.
5. Consistent: Expert systems always give the same answers
to the same questions.
6. Low cost: It reduces the cost of consulting an expert in
different fields like for medical examination.
Question 13. Explain in detail about the types of
e-commerce?
Answer: There are four types of e-commerce:-
1. Business to Business:- In this, different companies do
their business with each other. It does not involve consumers, only companies
exchange goods. It includes manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers.
2. Business to Consumer:- In this, companies and consumers
are involved. Through this, companies provide their goods and services directly
to their consumers. The consumer selects the goods from the website of the
concerned company and purchases them and pays directly to the company. The
purchased item is sent directly to the consumer by the company to the address
given by him.
3. Consumer to Consumer:- In this, consumers are in direct
contact with each other and no company is involved. In this, people can sell
and buy their personal items to each other. People use it to sell their excess
or old goods and who needs such goods.
4. Consumer to Business:- This is the opposite of Business
to Consumer. In this, the consumer provides his goods or services to the
company.
Question 14. Tell about the advantages and disadvantages of
e-commerce?
Answer: Advantages of e-commerce:-
1. Freedom from location restrictions:- With e-commerce, the
obstacle of geographical distance has been eliminated. Now companies or people
can provide their goods or services anywhere in the world or can buy them from
anywhere.
2. Saving money:- E-commerce saves a lot of money because
the buyer can buy directly from the company that manufactures the product,
which eliminates taxes and additional costs.
3. Quick and easy access:- The purchased product is sent to
the consumer directly by the companies to the address given by the consumer in
the shortest possible time, due to which the consumer easily receives the
product.
4. Available at all times:- Shopping can be done at any time
through e-commerce. Business never closes here. Be it day or night, festival or
holiday, business continues to run through the internet at all times.
5. Easy shopping:- There is no such problem of congestion on
the internet like in shops and we can easily choose the product from a long and
wide list of products.
Disadvantages of e-commerce:-
1. Waiting time:- The customer does not receive the goods
purchased through e-commerce immediately. The customer has to wait until the
goods purchased by him reach the address given by him and sometimes it takes
several days.
2. Quality risk:- The customer does not know the quality of
the goods purchased through e-commerce at the time of purchasing the goods but
only after receiving the goods.
3. Security risk:- E-commerce websites record the important
details and information of the customers, which are very important to keep
safe. If this information of the customer is obtained by an unauthorized person
or group, then the customer can suffer huge financial or personal losses.
4. Impossible to check the actual goods before buying:- It
is difficult to check the goods while buying them online.
Question 15. Give brief information about the different
methods of digital or online payment?
Answer: Different methods of digital or online payment:-
1. Credit Card:- In this method of e-payment, banks or
financial institutions issue a plastic card to their customers, which has a
unique number. It has a magnetic strip, in which confidential information is
stored, which can be read only with the help of card readers. When the customer
makes a purchase, he pays through his credit card, and the bank or financial
institution that issues this card, that bank or institution pays for the
purchase made by the customer.
2. Debit Card:- A debit card, like a credit card, is a
plastic card, and it also has a unique number, and in it all the confidential
information is coded in the magnetic strip. Debit cards can also be read with
the help of a card reader like credit cards and a four-digit secret PIN number
is required to use it. The customer must have an account with the institution
or bank by which the debit card is issued and any payment can be made through
it only after depositing the required amount in it to use it.
3. E-Wallet:- E-wallet is used to make digital payments, and
there are many apps available to make this payment, these apps store our bank,
debit card or credit card information, so that payment can be made easily.
E-wallet is like a wallet in your pocket, using it we can transfer money
through our debit or credit card, deposit for future and make any kind of
payment. To use e-wallet safely, it has to be used through a username and
password, so that it cannot be misused.
4. Netbanking:- Netbanking is also called internet banking,
after availing the facility of netbanking, the customer can check his bank
account statement, money transaction, payment, transfer money to savings
schemes sitting at home. To avail the facility of netbanking, the customer has
to go to the bank and fill the application form, after which a unique username
and password is issued to the user for using netbanking, which the bank advises
the customer to use confidentially.
Question 16. What is meant by e-governance? Explain its
working mechanism?
Answer: The full name of e-governance is electronic
governance. E-Governance is concerned with the effective implementation and
organization of government policies, orders and services. The functioning of
the government is called e-Governance. Through this, online services are
provided to the citizens closer to them.
The functioning of e-Governance is divided into five parts:-
1. Government to Government:- This type of e-Governance
includes online services, in which the central government and the state
governments share data and information with each other. Government agencies,
departments and institutions come under government to government e-Governance
by improving mutual communication, data access and information sharing.
2. Government to Citizen:- In this type of e-Governance, the
government provides services and facilities to its citizens, and communicates
with each other. In this, the government provides services that are directly
related to the public, and these services are provided free of cost or at
minimal cost.
3. Government to Business:- This type of e-governance
includes the facilities provided by the government to the business. Through
these services, the government and the business organizations communicate with
each other. Services like online sale and purchase of goods, taxes on goods or
subsidies on business etc. are provided by the government to the business.
4. Government to Employee:- This type of e-governance
includes the services and facilities provided between the government and its
employees. The salary bills of the employees, their service records,
departmental transfers and many other records related to the employees are
maintained online by the governments.
5. Government to Non-Government Organization:- Through this
new service of e-governance, government and non-government organizations can
communicate with each other. This section includes the services through which
the government accredits these NGOs. The work of registration of these NGOs or
societies comes under this section.
Question 17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
e-governance?
Answer: Advantages of e-governance:-
1. Easy access:- Every citizen can get e-governance online
services at his home or at the nearest service or convenience center, which is
related to applying for Aadhaar card, PAN card or passport etc.
2. Establishment of close relations:- Due to the
availability of all facilities and services near the home, close relations are
established between the common citizens and the government.
3. Time saving:- The work which used to take several days
earlier, with the advent of e-governance, those works are done in a few hours,
due to which people's time is saved a lot.
4. Saving of money:- Due to e-governance, the cost of
documents, transportation fare of consumers and the government has to use less
manpower, which saves a lot of money.
5. Transparency:- E-Governance has provided a transparent
environment to the working style of all offices, through which any person can
check the status of their applications online.
6. Accountability:- Due to transparency in government work,
the responsible officials are accountable. If any officer or employee
deliberately delays the work, then he is held accountable.
Disadvantages of e-Governance:-
1. Not everyone can take advantage:- A large number of
people in India's population are illiterate and do not have knowledge about
computers and mobile phones, so they are not able to take advantage of the
online facilities and services provided by the government.
2. Internet access is a must:- E-Governance can be
implemented properly only if internet access is available to every citizen.
3. Lack of knowledge about online services and facilities:-
Most of the population of India lives in villages, and they are not even aware
of which services and facilities can be availed online under e-governance.
4. High expenditure on e-governance arrangements:- To
provide e-services to the people, the government has to spend a huge amount for
its management.
5. Lack of security of the Internet:- Lack of security of
the Internet and keeping the confidential information available in it safe and
preventing it from being stolen and misused by hackers is also a big challenge.
Question 18. What is Aadhaar? Explain its features?
Answer: Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique identity card, which is
issued to Indian citizens by the Unique Identification Authority of India
(UIDAI). Every person in India has a unique Aadhaar number, which cannot match
the Aadhaar of any other person. This number is issued after examining the
important documents of the citizens of India. Aadhaar card stores two types of
information of every citizen. In which the first is the birth-based or personal
information and the second is the biometric information which stores the
fingerprints, retina of the eyes and the photograph of the person.
Features of Aadhaar card:-
1. Unique identity:- Every Indian citizen is issued a unique
Aadhaar number, which shows its uniqueness.
2. Residential document:- The complete address of the
residence of the concerned person is recorded in the Aadhaar card.
3. No expiry period:- Aadhaar card is issued for life, it
has no expiry date.
4. Identity proof:- The Aadhaar card contains the
birth-based and biometric information of the person, hence it can be used as an
identity proof.
5. Online Authentication:- To avail various online services,
authentication is done through Aadhaar card number itself, in which the data of
the beneficiary is linked and matched and this process is called Aadhaar
seeding or Aadhaar mapping.
Question 19. List the services provided by service/facility
centers?
Answer: The list of services provided by service/facility
centers is as follows:-
1. Issuance of residence certificate.
2. Issuance of caste certificate.
3. Issuance of birth-death certificate.
4. Issuance of Aadhaar card.
5. Issuance of income-related certificate.
6. Issuance of religion-related certificate.
7. Issuance of copies of registry, mutation.
8. Online submission of electricity, telephone and various
other fees/bills.
9. Issuance of vehicle registration (Rachh) certificate.
10. Filling of old age/widow pension forms.
11. Issuance of driving license certificate.
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